The Marburg virus, belonging to the same family as the Ebola virus, arouses great concern internationally after the emergence of a home in the Kagera region, in northwestern Tanzania. To date, the health authorities report an alarming mortality rate, reaching up to 88%, with several confirmed deaths.
Identified for the first time in 1967, the Marburg virus found its natural reservoir in frugivore bats. Human transmission occurs by direct contact with these animals, their fluids or their excrement. Once the infection is established, the virus can spread between humans by contact with contaminated body fluids, making health professionals particularly vulnerable.
Initial symptoms include high fever, intense headaches and general weakness. Quickly, serious complications arise: vomiting, diarrhea, internal and external hemorrhages. The empty gaze and bleeding through the eyes are among the characteristic manifestations. The incubation time varies from a few days to three weeks, making early detection essential to limit propagation.
Despite the absence of specific treatments and approved vaccines, support therapies, such as hydration and the maintenance of vital functions, can reduce the risk of death. The World Health Organization (WHO) has mobilized emergency funds to support surveillance efforts, provide tests and protect medical teams on the front line. Tanzania, with its experience in managing a similar home in 2023, remains optimistic about its ability to contain the current epidemic.
Located at a strategic crossroads connecting Rwanda, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Kagera region presents an increased risk of propagation. Local and international authorities intensify the measures to avoid widening of the home.
In the absence of a vaccine, prevention is based on the awareness of populations, the reduction of contacts with bats and respect for strict health protocols.
